12.SeeGrahamAllison,ObamaandXiMustThinkBroadlytoAvoidaClassicTrap,NewYorkTimes,June6,2013;RichardRosecrance,TheResurgenceoftheWest:HowaTransatlanticUnionCanPreventWarandRestoretheUnitedStatesandEurope(NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress,2013).
13.InaspeechofFebruary13,2009,SecretaryofStateHillaryClintonannouncedtheObamaadministrationsPivottoEastAsiaregionalstrategy,theextentofwhichhasyettobefullyelaborated.
14.AsquotedinZhuMajie,DengXiaopingsHumanRightsTheory,inCulturalImpactonInternationalRelations,ed.YuXintian,ChinesePhilosophicalStudies(Washington,D.C.:CouncilforResearchinValuesandPhilosophy,2002),81.
15.由于德国实现了统一，第一次世界大战前欧洲的均势只剩了5个参与方。见第二章。
第七章代表全人类行事：美国及其秩序观
1.SpeechonConciliationwithAmerica(1775),inEdmundBurke,OnEmpire,Liberty,andReform:Speeches
andLetters,ed.DavidBromwich(NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress,2000),81–83.伯克同情美国独立战争，因为他认为这是英国式自由的自然演进。他反对法国大革命，他认为这场革命破坏了几代人努力的成果，也破坏了自然发展的前景。
2.AlexisdeTocqueville,ConcerningTheirPointofDeparture,inDemocracyinAmerica,trans.GeorgeLawrence(NewYork:Harper&Row,1969),46–47.
3.PaulLeicesterFord,ed.,TheWritingsofThomasJefferson(NewYork:G.P.PutnamsSons,1892–99),8:158–59,quotedinRobertW.TuckerandDavidC.Hendrickson,EmpireofLiberty:TheStatecraftofThomasJefferson(NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1990),11.
4.JeffersontoMonroe,October24,1823,asexcerptedinContinentalPolicyoftheUnitedStates:TheAcquisitionofCuba,UnitedStatesMagazineandDemocraticReview,April1859,23.
5.JeffersontoMadison,April27,1809,inibid.
6.对来自英格兰和北欧的移居者来说，在很大程度上是这种情况；而来自西班牙的人则把它主要看作有待开发的领土，居住在那里的土著人将转而皈依基督教。
7.JohnWinthrop,AModelofChristianCharity(1630).SeeBrendanSimms,Europe,36.
8.Publius[AlexanderHamilton],TheFederalist1,inAlexanderHamilton,JamesMadison,andJohnJay,TheFederalistPapers(NewYork:Mentor,1961),1–2.这里的帝国是指拥有完全主权的独立实体。