18.PyotrChaadaev,PhilosophicalLetter(1829,published1836),asquotedinFiges,NatashasDance,132,and
Dmytryshyn,ImperialRussia,251.恰达耶夫的评论因一针见血而广为流传，尽管当局马上查封此文，宣布作者有神经病，并把他置于警察监视之下。
19.MikhailNikiforovichKatkov,May24,1882,editorialinMoskovskievedomosti(MoscowNews),asexcerptedinVerdansky,ASourceBookforRussianHistory,3:676.
20.Figes,NatashasDance,150.
21.Lincoln,TheRomanovs,404–5.
22.Ibid.,405.
23.WilhelmSchwarz,DieHeiligeAllianz(Stuttgart,1935),52.
24.指1954年联邦德国决定加入大西洋联盟。它曾与今天新结成的伙伴打了一场残酷的战争，联邦德国做出的这一决定距它在战争结束时宣布无条件投降还不到10年。
25.KlemensvonMetternich,AusMetternichsnachgelassenenPapieren,ed.Alfonsv.Klinkowstroem(Vienna,1881),1:316.
26.Palmerstonsdispatchno.6totheMarquessofClanricarde(ambassadorinSt.Petersburg),January11,1841,inTheForeignPolicyofVictorianEngland,ed.KennethBourne(Oxford:ClarendonPress,1970),252–53.
27.SeeIsaiahBerlin,VicoandHerder:TwoStudiesintheHistoryofIdeas(NewYork:Viking,1976),158,204.
28.JacquesBarzun,FromDawntoDecadence:500YearsofWesternCulturalLife(NewYork:Perennial,2000),482.
29.SirLewisNamier,VanishedSupremacies:EssaysonEuropeanHistory,1812–1918(NewYork:PenguinBooks,1958),203.
30.OttovonBismarck,DiegesammeltenWerke,3rded.(Berlin,1924),1:375.
31.Thebattlewasmemorializedinclassicliteratureonbothsides,includingAlfredTennysonsChargeoftheLightBrigadeandLeoTolstoysTalesofSevastopol.SeeNicholasV.Riasanovsky,AHistoryofRussia(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,2000),336–39.
32.AllgemeinedeutscheBiographie33(Leipzig:Duncker&Humblot,1891),266.Metternichleftofficein1848.
33.HeinrichSbrik,Metternich,derStaatsmannundderMensch,2vols.(Munich,1925),1:354,ascitedinHenryA.Kissinger,TheConservativeDilemma:ReflectionsonthePoliticalThoughtofMetternich,AmericanPoliticalScienceReview48,no.4(December1954):1027.